Diseases
Water can be disinfected simply by exposing plastic water-filled bottles to the sun. The length of time needed varies with the climate from six hours to two days. The technique is recommended by the World Health Organisation and used by over two million people. Water distillation demonstration in Indonesia (Creative commons photo ex Wikimedia)
When populations increase and come into contact with other population, they often encounter diseases for which they have no immunity – and the results can be devastating. There are many examples. In 430 BC when the Athenians encountered the Persians in the Peloponnesian Wars, they also encountered typhoid fever which killed a quarter of the population of Athens in the next four years. Around 165 AD, Roman soldiers returning from the Middle East brought smallpox to Italy – and five million people died from the disease. In the 530s, Justian’s Byzantine armies conquered North Africa. In 541, bubonic plague, probably … Continue Reading